The main objective of this assessment is to document key child welfare concerns in the Gambella region in western Ethiopia, and to support better child protection programming, emergency preparedness and response, with an emphasis on child protection systems in emergencies. The assessment took place in September and October, 2009 in seven of the twelve woredas in Gambella region, and use three main methodologies: group discussions with men, women, girls and boys in each community; key informant interviews; and mapping capacity. A number of key child welfare concerns were identified including food shortages, inadequate health facilities, conflict, and lack of access to education.