In 2008, Save the Children UK, Save the Children in Sri Lanka, and Columbia University’s Program on Forced Migration and Health undertook a population-based survey to explore the magnitude and nature of physical and sexual violence against women and children in Trincomalee District, in eastern Sri Lanka. The study examined five domains—physical violence, corporal punishment outside the home, rape, early marriage, and sexual violence—in order to establish a baseline estimate of violence for Save’s areas of operation in this district. Two samples were constructed, one consisting of women and children in villages; the second included women and children residing in internally displaced persons (IDP) camps or in villages that were displaced and very recently resettled. Phase I of the research employed the Neighborhood Method.